Learning objectives
Describe the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and gases and name the changes of state between them
Describe the arrangement, separation and motion of particles in solids, liquids and gases, and at Extended relate the forces and distances between particles to the properties of each state
Describe Brownian motion of smoke particles as evidence for the kinetic particle model, explain it in terms of random collisions with air molecules and, at Extended, know that these molecules are much lighter and faster-moving than the smoke particles
Explain the pressure of a gas in terms of particle collisions with the container walls, and describe qualitatively what happens to the pressure of a fixed mass of gas when its temperature or volume changes
Convert between kelvin and degrees Celsius using T(K) = θ(°C) + 273 and, at Extended, relate the kelvin temperature of a gas to the average kinetic energy of its particles
Use pV = constant for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, including its graphical representation (Extended)
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