Acids, bases and neutralisation

Learning objectives

Describe the characteristic properties of acids: their reactions with metals, bases and carbonates, and their effect on litmus, thymolphthalein and methyl orange

State that bases are oxides or hydroxides of metals and alkalis are soluble bases, and describe the characteristic properties of bases: their reactions with acids and with ammonium salts, and their effect on indicators

Describe neutrality, relative acidity and relative alkalinity in terms of pH measured with universal indicator, state that aqueous acids contain H⁺ ions and aqueous alkalis contain OH⁻ ions, and describe neutralisation using the ionic equation H⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O

Define acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors (Extended)

Define a strong acid as one that is completely dissociated in aqueous solution and a weak acid as one that is partially dissociated, using HCl → H⁺ + Cl⁻ and CH₃COOH ⇌ H⁺ + CH₃COO⁻ as examples (Extended)