Nested iteration and informal run-time analysis

Learning objectives

Write nested loops and trace them by hand, recording both loop control variables, and predict the exact output, such as a triangle of characters or a multiplication table

Calculate how many times a statement inside nested loops executes, multiplying the counts when the bounds are independent and adding row by row, for example to n(n + 1)/2, when the inner bound depends on the outer variable

Compare two code segments that solve the same problem by their statement execution counts, and state which does less work as the size of the input grows

Move an inner loop into a helper method called from the outer loop, and explain how this makes the algorithm easier to read and to test