while and for loops, standard loop algorithms and String algorithms

Learning objectives

Write while and for loops for a known and for an unknown number of repetitions, and convert a for loop into an equivalent while loop

Trace a loop by hand, recording the loop control variable and any accumulator on every iteration, and state exactly how many times the body runs

Identify the cause of an infinite loop or an off-by-one error and correct it, and explain how a return statement inside a loop ends the method at once

Write the standard numeric loop algorithms: a sum or average, a minimum or maximum, a divisibility test with %, the extraction of each digit of an int with % 10 and / 10, and a count of how often a condition holds

Write String algorithms that step through a String with length and substring to test whether some substring has a property, to count the substrings meeting a criterion and to build the String in reverse