Chemical reactions, net ionic equations, stoichiometry and titration

Learning objectives

Distinguish physical from chemical changes at the particulate level, and identify evidence such as precipitate formation, gas evolution or a temperature change that a chemical reaction has occurred

Write balanced molecular, complete ionic and net ionic equations for precipitation, acid–base and redox reactions in aqueous solution, showing spectator ions only where required

Carry out stoichiometric calculations for reactions in solution and in the gas phase, identifying the limiting reactant and calculating theoretical yield and percent yield

Assign oxidation numbers, identify the species oxidized and reduced and the oxidizing and reducing agents, and balance a redox half-equation in acidic solution

Analyze titration data to determine the concentration or molar mass of an unknown, explaining the role of the equivalence point and the indicator, and evaluate how a procedural error would affect the result

Represent a reaction with a particulate diagram showing the correct numbers and identities of the species present before and after reaction