Kinetic molecular theory, the ideal gas law and deviations from ideal behavior

Learning objectives

State the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory and use them to explain the relationships between pressure, volume, temperature and amount of gas at the particulate level

Apply PV = nRT and the combined gas relationships to calculate an unknown gas quantity, and use molar volume at standard conditions in stoichiometric calculations

Apply Dalton's law of partial pressures to a gas mixture, calculating partial pressure from mole fraction and total pressure

Interpret a Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution of molecular speeds, explaining how the curve changes with temperature and with molar mass and what the area under the curve represents

Explain why real gases deviate from ideal behavior at high pressure and low temperature in terms of particle volume and intermolecular attractions, and predict the direction of the deviation