Learning objectives
Identify Brønsted–Lowry acids, bases and conjugate acid–base pairs in an equation, and represent proton transfer with a particulate diagram
Use the autoionization of water and the value of Kw to relate [H₃O⁺], [OH⁻], pH and pOH, and explain why Kw and therefore neutral pH change with temperature
Calculate the pH of a strong acid or strong base solution of known concentration, including after dilution, and explain why strong acids are assumed to ionize completely
Compare the particulate pictures of a strong and a weak acid at the same concentration and justify a claim about which is which using pH or conductivity evidence
Calculate the pH after mixing a strong acid with a strong base, identifying the excess reagent from a mole calculation
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