Cellular respiration and fermentation

Learning objectives

Describe glycolysis in the cytosol, the oxidation of pyruvate, the Krebs cycle in the mitochondrial matrix and oxidative phosphorylation at the inner mitochondrial membrane, stating where ATP, NADH and FADH₂ are produced

Explain chemiosmosis as the use of a proton gradient established by the electron transport chain to drive ATP synthase, and explain the role of oxygen as the final electron acceptor

Compare the ATP yield of aerobic respiration with that of fermentation, and describe alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation as ways of regenerating NAD⁺ when oxygen is absent

Explain how the structure of the mitochondrion, including the folded cristae, supports the rate of ATP production

Interpret data from a respirometer investigation, calculating rate of oxygen consumption and accounting for the role of the control vial