Learning objectives
Describe the piezo-electric effect and explain how one piezo-electric transducer both generates and detects pulses of ultrasound.
Explain how the timing and strength of echoes from tissue boundaries are used to build an ultrasound image, and calculate the depth of a boundary from the echo time.
Define specific acoustic impedance Z = ρc, use the intensity reflection coefficient IR/I₀ = (Z₁ − Z₂)²/(Z₁ + Z₂)², and explain why a coupling gel is used.
Calculate how much an ultrasound beam is weakened by tissue using I = I₀e^(−μx), where μ is the attenuation coefficient.
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