Learning objectives
Calculate probabilities by listing a sample space of equally likely outcomes, such as the total score on two dice or the colours of counters drawn from a bag
Use permutations and combinations to find the probability of a particular arrangement or selection
Use the addition rule for mutually exclusive events and the multiplication rule for independent events, and test whether two events are independent by comparing P(A ∩ B) with P(A) × P(B)
Calculate conditional probabilities P(A | B) = P(A ∩ B) ÷ P(B) from tree diagrams and tables of outcomes, including reversed conditions such as the probability of the first event given the second
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