Learning objectives
Interpret and draw general, structural, displayed and skeletal formulae, recognise functional groups, and deduce molecular and empirical formulae from them
Name aliphatic compounds with up to six carbon atoms using IUPAC rules, e.g. 2-bromo-3-methylbutane, butan-2-ol and ethyl propanoate
Use the vocabulary of organic reactions (homolytic and heterolytic fission, free radical, nucleophile, electrophile, addition, substitution, elimination, hydrolysis, condensation, oxidation, reduction) and draw curly arrows for electron-pair movement
Describe the shapes and bond angles around sp, sp² and sp³ carbon atoms and the σ and π bonds they form, and explain why ethene is planar
Identify chain, positional and functional-group isomers and deduce all the structural isomers of a given molecular formula
Explain cis–trans isomerism from restricted rotation about C=C and optical isomerism from a chiral centre, and identify both in open-chain and cyclic structures
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